Deer, belonging to the family Cervidae under the order Artiodactyla, are mammals. They typically range in body length from 0.75 to 2.9 meters and weigh between 9 to 800 kilograms.

Common features include coats of gray, brown, reddish-brown, or yellow; most species have relatively short tails, with the moose having the longest tail; they possess distinct black concave markings under their eyes; each foot bears four hooves, which are slender in shape;

except for a few species, most deer species have degraded or absent canine teeth; males have antlers, while females lack them (except for female reindeer); the antlers of males shed annually after the breeding season and begin to grow new velvet-covered antlers.

Let's delve into the living habits of deer.

Deer are found across diverse regions worldwide, including Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas. They adapt to diverse habitats such as forests, grasslands, swamps, and mountainous regions. Deer demonstrate strong survival abilities, being capable of adapting to changes in various environments.

Social Structure

Deer typically live in groups, forming groups of varying sizes. Within these groups, there is usually a lead deer that leads, while other members live according to a certain hierarchy and order. This social structure protects weaker members and enhances group cooperation and coordination.

Diet and Foraging Habits

Deer are primarily herbivorous animals, feeding on various herbaceous plants, tender leaves, and branches.

Different species of deer have varying food preferences; some prefer tree leaves, while others favor grass. Deer typically forage during the early morning or at dusk to avoid the high temperatures of the day and nocturnal predators.

Migration and Range

Some species of deer migrate according to the seasons and the distribution of food. This migration behavior helps deer find richer food resources and avoid harsh environmental conditions. During migration, deer cross diverse terrains, showcasing their adaptability and survival skills.

Reproductive Behavior and Breeding Season

Deer typically breed during specific seasons, often related to climate and changes in food resources.

During the breeding season, male deer showcase their strength and charm, engaging in battles to compete for mates. After successful breeding, female deer seek out safe places to give birth to offspring and are responsible for caring for them until they can live independently.

Predators and Defense Mechanisms

Deer's main predators include hyenas, leopards, wolves, lions, and large birds of prey such as eagles and hawks. To protect themselves from predators, deer typically choose to rest in secluded areas such as dense forests and mountainous canyons. Additionally, they rely on speed and agility to evade predators' pursuit.

Relationship with Humans

Deer holds a special place in human culture, often depicted as mystical and graceful creatures. In some cultures, deer are regarded as sacred symbols, representing strength, agility, and the beauty of nature.

However, in real life, due to human activities and environmental destruction, the survival of deer is threatened to some extent, with some species even facing endangerment.

In conclusion, deer attract attention with their unique living habits and beautiful appearance. They play important roles in the natural world, contributing to the diversity and stability of ecosystems alongside other organisms. Therefore, protecting deer and their habitats is crucial for maintaining ecological balance on Earth.